Rocks and minerals for the collector, Cobalt-Belleterre-Timmins, Ontario and Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Occurrences of minerals, rocks, and fossils are described for localities in the Temagami, Cobalt, Gowganda, Matachewan, Matheson, and Timmins regions in Ontario, and in the Ville-Marie and Belleterre areas in Quebec. The collecting area includes two of the greatest precious metal mining camps in the world: the Cobalt silver camp, which ranks third in the total cumulative production of silver in the world, and the Porcupine gold field whose all-time production is exceeded only by the Witwatersrand gold mines in South Africa. In addition, there are numerous collecting localities in the less celebrated mining camps of Elk Lake, Gowganda, Matachewan, and Belleterre. The spectacular discoveries of the Cobalt silver deposits in 1903 and 1904, following within a decade of the world-captivating Klondike Gold Rush, shifted the attention of prospectors and miners to this part of eastern Canada where the initial discoverers engaged in building the Timiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway were joined by experienced prospectors from the West and elsewhere. Stimulated by successful developments at Cobalt and guided by geological reports issued by the Ontario Bureau of Mines and by the Geological Survey of Canada, the same band of prospectors extended their search to the then-remote north country and were rapidly rewarded with further discoveries of silver ore at Elk Lake and Gowganda, culminating in the sensational discoveries of native gold in the Porcupine district in 1909. Thus, within a few years, the area was the scene of the greatest silver rush and the greatest gold rush ever experienced in Ontario. With the establishment of these two mining camps, the attention of gold seekers was focused on Kirkland Lake, which became the second greatest gold-producing camp in Canada and the third-ranking gold producer in the world. About half a century later, northeastern Ontario was the scene of a modern-day prospecting rush generated by the discovery of a colossal base metal orebody in the Timmins area; that discovery became the largest silver-zinc-cadmium producer in the world. Other deposits in the area include those of copper, copper-zinc, nickel, iron, and asbestos. There are also occurrences of molybdenite, barite, magnesite, and antimony minerals. Fossils occur in the only Paleozoic rocks in the area, which extend north from Lake Timiskaming. Rocks suitable for ornamental purposes include porphyry, jaspery iron formation, conglomerate, granite, soapstone, and chrome-mica rock. Most collecting localities are dumps of inactive mines and prospects. Roadcuts provide a number of collecting sites. In general, operating mines are not collecting areas, but visits to surface plants can sometimes be arranged. Some famous old mines, no longer accessible, are described for historical interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".