Suppression of Reaginic Antibodies with Modified Allergens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our previous findings that antigens, such as ovalbumin (OA) and the extract of ragweed pollen (RAG), could be rendered nonantigenic, nonallergenic and tolerogenic by conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been extended in the present study to the synthesis of conjugates of a variety of antigens with monofunctional monomethoxy-PEGs (mPEGS) of different molecular weights by the use of the mixed anhydride method. Thus, mPEGs with molecular weights of 2,000, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 were coupled to proteins such as dog serum albumin (DA), bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, OA and the constituents of pollen, helminth and bacterial allergens (RAG, Timothy grass pollen, Ascaris suum and Micropolyspora faeni). All these mPEG conjugates depressed markedly the ongoing IgE antibody formation in sensitized animals, in spite of additional injections of the sensitizing dose of the appropriate antigen. Moreover, the allergenicity of the proteins was either totally abolished or markedly reduced after coupling to mPEGs. Conjugates of DA and OA of varying degree of substitution (i.e. number of mPEG molecules attached per protein molecule) were prepared with mPEGs of different molecular weights and their immunological properties were assessed. It appears that, for a series of tolerogenic conjugates of the same antigen, there exists some inverse relationship between the degree of substitution and the molecular weight of mPEG, i.e. a high level of tolerogenicity with a concomitant reduction or total loss of allergenicity was achieved with a lower degree of substitution utilizing mPEGs of increasing molecular weights. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that a variety of allergens may be converted by conjugation with mPEGs to tolerogenic products with a potential for use in the therapy of patients allergic to a wide spectrum of common allergens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".