Regional cerebral blood flow decline can predict atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract According to MRI findings, brain atrophy and structural changes play important roles as valid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and can support the clinical diagnosis of AD. A decline in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is believed to be one of the initial changes in the AD continuum. Some studies revealed an association between the amyloid beta (Aβ) and rCBF pattern and suggested that reduced rCBF is an early consequence of neural death prior to considerable grey matter loss. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between rCBF and brain structural changes in three groups of individuals, that is, control (CN), MCI, and AD groups. Our findings revealed a wide spread significant correlation between the rCBF and structural changes, including cortical volume, subcortical volume, surface area, and thickness in all groups after adjusting for age, sex, and APOE genotyping status. According to the present results, CBF might predict future structural changes and cause neurodegeneration associated with AD development, regardless of Aβ or tau accumulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".