The effect of variable heart rate decelerations on intraventricular hemorrhage and other perinatal outcomes in preterm infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the hypothesis that repetitive variable heart rate decelerations in labor are associated with an increased incidence of neonatal complications in premature infants. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. Singleton fetuses weighing between 750 and 2500 g at 25-35 weeks' gestation were considered for the study. Fetuses delivered by Cesarean section prior to labor were excluded. Heart rate traces were retrieved from an electronic archive and were assessed for the presence of variable decelerations. Cases had at least three variable decelerations in the hour prior to delivery and were matched 1 : 1 with controls for gestation, sex and birth weight. Results: A review of 6500 deliveries yielded 41 matched pairs. The groups were compared for the following outcomes. Measures of acute morbidity were cord pH at delivery, 5-min Apgar score and resuscitation; measures of chronic morbidity were intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis and death. There was no difference in measures of acute morbidity between the groups. The incidence of chronic morbid outcome measures in the cases was six (15%) vs. one (2.5%) in controls ( p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study suggests that variable decelerations in preterm infants are associated with chronic morbidity, particularly intraventricular hemorrhage through a mechanism independent of fetal acidemia. Further study is required to determine whether these infants would benefit from early Cesarean section.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".