MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4240173908 · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1250-7_ch6

Clean water and sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

2018· book-chapter· en· W4240173908 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe World Bank eBooks · 2018
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldNursing
TopicChild Nutrition and Water Access
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSanitationOpen defecationHygieneToiletBusinessWater supplyClean waterEnvironmental planningQuarter (Canadian coin)Water resource managementGeographyEngineeringEnvironmental engineeringEnvironmental scienceMedicineWaste management

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Reveals that while drinking water proves essential to life, only 71 percent of people globally have water considered safely managed. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 58% of people have access to at least basic water, but less than half have access to safely managed water. Rural dwellers prove less likely than their urban counterparts to have access to at least basic water, and poorer people remain less likely have safe water piped to their homes. Globally, 6 in 10 people use sanitation facilities without safe management, which may contribute to the spread of disease, while India still has the largest number of people practicing open defecation. In Latin America & Caribbean 86 percent of people have access to at least basic sanitation, but only a quarter of those have access to safely managed sanitation. Hand washing makes an important contribution to hygiene, but many households, especially among the poor, lack basic facilities.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.444
Threshold uncertainty score0.677

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.234 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it