“The Vice of a Cold Climate:” Drink and Soldiering on Niagara’s Wartime Frontier (1812–14)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drawing attention to the importance of alcohol during the War of 1812, this article examines its uses in military culture, beginning with the assumption that liquor was not a uniformly destructive or disruptive force. From the realms of discipline, ritual and recruitment, to the experience of the battlefields, the barracks and the medical tents, liquor was simultaneously necessary for demonstrating manliness and threatening to the man himself. It was both essential to the successful execution of the war, and damaging to the efforts of both Britain and the United States. The war was fought on the doorstep of the nineteenth century temperance movement, but it remained reflective of pre-temperance attitudes towards drink and the drinker; the resulting tension between intoxication and drunkenness, the delicate balance between the manly drinker and the drunkard, is thus clearly revealed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".