Increased biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion of wastewater sludge with fruit and vegetable waste, and by sludge pre-treatment.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Full scale anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and municipal wastewater primary sludge significantly increased biogas production. Digester operation remained stable. Undigested FVW was visible in dewatered sludge suggesting that FVW should be added to the first stage digester to prevent short-circuiting and increase the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the FVW. Batch lab results confirmed that co-digestate addition to first stage sludge (FSS) is preferred to second stage sludge (SSS). FSS produced significantly more methane (514 ± 57 L CH₄ kgVS⁻¹ added) than SSS (392 ± 16 L CH₄ kgVS⁻¹ added). In a related study, combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of thermomechanical pulp mill sludge (PMS) significantly increased the soluble TS, VS and COD of the PMS over non-treated sludge. Pre-treatment did not significantly improve biogas production over 28 d, but did increase VS reduction, and the initial rate of methane production. Overall, biogas production from PMS was inconsistent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".