Amplified fragment length polymorphism and mitochondrial sequence data detect genetic differentiation and relationships in endangered southwestern U.S.A. ambersnails (<i>Oxyloma</i>spp.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis) is a federally endangered mollusc currently known to reside in two locations in the southwestern U.S.A. To determine the extent of within- and between-population genetic variation of this taxon, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to generate 110 genetic markers among individuals sampled from the two Kanab ambersnail populations and from the only two known southwestern populations of the Niobrara ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni haydeni) in Utah and northern Arizona. Additional information was obtained from sequence data of cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I gene fragments. Results suggest high levels of differentiation among populations, as evidenced through the application of UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arthimetic averaging) clustering, F statistics, and Fisher's exact test. Various levels of within-population genetic diversity were observed among populations. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.239 to 0.086 under a model assuming Hardy-Weinberg genotypic proportions and ranged from 0.205 to 0.061 under an obligate-selfing completely homozygous model. Results from cluster analyses showed that one Kanab ambersnail population and one Niobrara ambersnail population were more similar than the two Kanab ambersnail populations studied (supported by >80% of bootstrap replicates). These findings were further supported through the phylogenetic analysis of both mito chondrial gene fragments. The data suggest that taxonomic designations need revision, an act that will likely affect the protected status of some of the populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".