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Record W4240458935 · doi:10.1017/9781108645997.009

China’s Development of Wind and Solar Power

2019· book-chapter· en· W4240458935 on OpenAlex
Loren Brandt, Luhang Wang

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCambridge University Press eBooks · 2019
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldEnergy
TopicGlobal Energy Security and Policy
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsProtectionismChinaRenewable energyBusinessPrivate sectorGovernment (linguistics)Wind powerIndustrial organizationMarket economyEconomicsInternational tradeEconomic growthEngineeringGeography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

From modest beginnings, China’s renewable energy sector is today the world’s largest. We contrast the evolution of China’s solar and wind sectors, with an eye to the effect of differences in technology, government policies, and markets. In solar, relatively modest barriers to entry and returning Chinese with industry experience, combined with rapid growth in overseas demand and high quality standards to propel the sector forward. Localization of the supply chain lowered costs and conferred important advantages on the largely private sector, much as it had done in other successful export sectors in the electronic industry. In sharp contrast, the growth of China’s wind turbine sector has been tied to a “government-made” domestic market and highly protectionist measures favoring local firms. Although there are signs of upgrading, the sector remains SOE-dominated throughout the value chain, and uncompetitive internationally. Moving forward fortunes of solar and wind turbine manufacturers will be tied to an increasingly crowded domestic electricity market in which excess capacity, lackluster demand growth and regulatory issues are the new normal. In this setting, political connections rather than firm capability will determine winners and losers. The experience of the renewable sector reveals both the strengths and weaknesses of China’s industrial policy.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.995
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.185
Teacher spread0.172 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it