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Record W4240516993 · doi:10.3138/utq.79.3.991

A Change Ain't Gonna Come: Sam Cooke and the Protest Song

2010· article· en· W4240516993 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Christopher Trigg

Bibliographic record

VenueUniversity of Toronto Quarterly · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicMusic History and Culture
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBluesTheme (computing)NothingMeaning (existential)HistoryPoliticsLiteraturePeriod (music)AestheticsSociologyMedia studiesArtLawPolitical sciencePhilosophyArt historyEpistemology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Although Sam Cooke's ‘A Change is Gonna Come’ is inextricably linked to the civil rights movement of the 1960s, it has an uneasy relationship with the genre of the protest song. Where protest songs enact the social change they seek to accomplish, Cooke's composition places its singer at a distance from an imminent, unspecified change. While protest songs are confident that the development they desire will materialize, the musical and lyrical structure of ‘A Change Is Gonna Come’ implies that the change in question may never arrive. Insofar as it depends upon contained progression – thematic and harmonic movement that is both linear and cyclical – the song could be described as a blues. Like many blues, moreover, it engages with the theme of human mortality: death, which every individual expects but never experiences, could be the ‘change’ to which the title and refrain refer. At the same time, change is the very word through which the lyric participates in the protest genre. If it were to be stricken from the text, the song would have no political referent, nothing to take its meaning beyond the confessional and personal.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.933
Threshold uncertainty score0.993

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.171
Teacher spread0.157 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2010
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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