Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: High mother-to-child-transmission of hepatitis B (HBV) has been associated with HBeAg positivity and high HBV DNA levels. The relationship of age, genotype and HBV DNA and HBeAg status has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Subjects screened for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) pivotal studies GS-US-174-0102 and GS-US-174-0103 were assessed for gender, race (Asian vs. non-Asian), age, ALT, and HBeAg status. Standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to explore the association of race, age, HBV DNA with HBeAg status. Results: Overall, 355 female subjects were included in this analysis using data available at screening. The average age was 41 years old, median ALT was 69 U/L (range 8 to 806), average HBV DNA was 7.0 log10 copies/mL (range 2.2 to 10.2), 44.4% of the subjects were HBeAg+, 40.0% were Asians and 49.6% were Caucasians. HBV genotypes were available on 167/355 subjects: 21(12.6%) A, 21 (12.6%)B, 39 (23.4%) C, 82 (49.1%) D, 3 (1.8%) E, and 1 (0.6%) H. Women 35 and under are more likely to be HBeAg+ than HBeAg-(odds ratio (OR) = 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7 -6.6, p < 0.001) and to have HBV DNA >= 9 log copies/mL than < 9 log copies/mL (OR = 6.0, CI: 3.1 -11.8, p < 0.001). Asian women are more likely to be HBeAg+ than HBeAg-(OR = 2.8, CI: 1.8 -4.4, p < 0.001). Among women <= 35 years old (N = 135), Asians are also more likely to be HBeAg+ than HBeAg-(OR = 3.9, CI: 1.7 -9.1, p = 0.001). Compared to genotype B/C, women with genotype A/D were more likely to be HBeAg negative (OR=4.2, CI: 2.1 -8.2; p < 0.001). No difference in ALT was observed. Conclusions: In this large cohort of HBV patients, women under 35 had a significantly higher likelihood of HBeAg positivity and high HBV viral load. Asian women and those with genotypes B/C are also more likely to be HBeAg+ compared to non-Asians and those with genotypes A/D, respectively. These results suggest higher risk of HBV perinatal transmission in these groups. Table 1. Logistic regression analysis of associations between age <=35 years vs > 35 years and characteristics among female subjects. *Multivariable regression model uses a forward selection model with selection criteria of 0.10.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".