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Reviewed by: Indigenous Language Revitalization in the Americas eds. by Serafín M. Coronel-Molina and Teresa. L. McCarty Anne Marie Guerrettaz (bio) Serafín M. Coronel-Molina and Teresa. L. McCarty, eds., Indigenous Language Revitalization in the Americas. Routledge, 2016. Pp. 330. The rapid and unprecedented loss of many of the world's Indigenous languages has been described by Native scholars as one of the gravest crises facing Indigenous peoples today. Language revitalization seeks to protect and promote these languages in order to prevent their disappearance and is one of the most urgent concerns in the fields of Indigenous studies and linguistics. Coronel-Molina and McCarty's edited volume provides a "panoramic view" (1) of efforts to maintain and increase the vitality of Native languages across the Americas. This is an ambitious undertaking, given the diverse historical, sociocultural, and political contexts of the estimated 630 Indigenous languages spoken in this region. Contributors are Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars and include several leading authorities on language revitalization and language politics. This fourteen-chapter book is organized into seven thematic parts, with one chapter in each part devoted to the United States and Canada and a second to Latin America and the Caribbean. In part 1, "Policy and Politics," chapter 1 surveys the sociolinguistic landscape of Canada and the United States and presents language policy as a "situated and power-saturated sociocultural process" (15). McCarty begins with European colonization and ends with the twenty-first century, illustrating historical parallels between the two nation-states while highlighting key differences between them. In chapter 2, Gustafson, Julca Guerrero, and Jiménez explain how "language revitalization politics articulate with" broader national politics of "democratization and decolonization" (36) in eight ethnolinguistic areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). In part 2, "Processes of Language Shift and Revitalization," Hinton and Meek (chapter 3) explain bilingualism and language shift before presenting three stages of Native American and Canadian language loss: extermination of speakers, forced assimilation, and increased contact with outsiders. Currently, many Native [End Page 179] American and Canadian language activists are working to prevent linguistic extinction or to revive languages with no living speakers. The authors suggest setting a "realistic" revitalization goal for languages with few speakers: that each subsequent generation have as many speakers as the previous one. In contrast, many (though not all) Indigenous language groups in LAC have thousands or millions of speakers. In the LAC portion of part 2 (chapter 4), Messing and Nava Nava frame their discussion of language acquisition through the lens of language socialization, highlight the importance of language ideologies in language decline and revitalization, and focus primarily on Mexico, namely Nahuatl. "The Home-School-Community Interface" is the focus of part 3. In chapter 5, Lee skillfully uses the conceptual framework of k'é, a Diné term "expressing the cultural relationships and dynamics within family and community" (99) to analyze revitalization efforts, primarily in the US Southwest. Lee analyzes original data and presents the voices of students, teachers, and other stakeholders, focusing on Navajo, Lakota, and Pueblo communities. In chapter 6, on LAC, López and García contrast state-run bilingual education programs that often serve to transition Indigenous children to Spanish with more community-oriented Education for Language Revitalization programs. Breadth and depth of analysis are offered through the authors' discussion of diverse languages across LAC and their detailed description of Kaqchikel (Guatemala) and Kukamas (Bolivia). In part 4, "Local and Global Perspectives," Linn and Oberly (chapter 7) discuss "linguistic and educational sovereignty," networks among language activists and professionals, bottom-up and top-down language planning and policy, and the power of individual revitalization activists. In chapter 8, King and Arnal identify four complex trends in LAC: (1) increasing Indigenous engagement with "global discourses," (2) NGO and development agencies' support of language revitalization efforts, (3) locally variable responses to language policy and revitalization, and (4) gradually increasing Indigenous control over revitalization efforts. King and Arnal provide breadth and depth of analysis of LAC, with a focus on Andean regions. Part 5, "Linguistic Human Rights," begins with Skutnabb-Kangas, Bear Nicholas, and Reyhner's (chapter 9) alarming observations regarding the importance of language rights. The authors outline...

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