Bibliographic record
Abstract
W.I. Thomas was born in Virginia and raised in a Protestant, rural, religious milieu. In 1884 he received his bachelor's degree from the University of Tennessee, and after two years of study in Germany, followed by teaching English and sociology at Oberlin College, he joined in 1895 the new faculty in sociology at the University of Chicago. He was among that department's first group of graduate students (he worked under Albion Small), starting in 1893 and receiving his doctorate in 1895. He remained at Chicago until 1918 when, for personal reasons, he retired. In 1923 Thomas returned to active teaching, now at the New School for Social Research, but his teaching was largely part‐time, for he preferred to mix teaching with research. Between 1930 and 1936 he went regularly to Sweden to work with the Social Science Institute at the University of Stockholm. He was appointed lecturer at Harvard University in 1936 and 1937, living in New Haven until his move to Berkeley, California, in 1939. He resided there as an independent researcher until his death in 1947.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.048 | 0.032 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".