Changes in the scalp topography of event-related potentials and behavioral responses during the sleep onset period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral responsiveness were investigated during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. Ten participants were presented with an auditory oddball task during repeated sleep onset periods. The EEG was recorded from 29 different scalp sites. A 1500-Hz tone pip was presented infrequently (p= .04) within a series of lower pitch 1000-Hz “standard” stimuli (p= .96). Participants were required to button press upon detection of the rare “target” stimulus. During wakefulness, almost all targets were detected. A large amplitude P300 was observed to these detected targets. This P300 was maximum over parietal areas of the scalp. During stage 1 sleep, subjects continued to respond on 47% of trials. The parietal P300 amplitude remained large to these detected targets. It was, however, much attenuated at frontal sites. When the participant failed to detect the target in either stage 1 or 2, no P300 was visible. P300 is thus associated with behavioral detection of the target stimulus, whether in wakefulness or stage 1 “sleep.” Trials were also sorted by reaction time (RT), in which bins 1–3 represented increasingly long RT. In the waking state, P300 amplitude did not significantly vary across the different bins. Although mean RT latency varied by 512 ms from bin 1 to bin 3, P300 latency varied by only 25 ms. Differences in RT are thus probably due to response-related processes rather than stimulus classification time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".