Homocysteine and Malondialdeyde (MDA) Levels Associated with the Occurrence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Atherosclerosis and following cardiovascular disease (CVD) are known as important reasons ofthe increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The association ofserum malondialdehyde (MDA), homocysteine as well as other cardiovascular risk factors in relation toexistence and cause of CVD were investigated.Methods: In these study 66 CRF patients without dialysis and 107 patients receiving dialysis were recruited andfurther stratified into group with CVD and without CVD as case groups. Those without renal failure and CVDwere assigned as control group (n=33).Results: The patients with CRF showed a significant increase in plasma levels of MDA, homocysteine andC-reactive protein (CRP) compared to control. The positive association were observed between homocysteine,creatinine and MDA (all p<0.01) and another positive association were between CRP and age, creatinine andMDA (all p<0.05). Analysis of association risk factors showed that only age, CRP and lipid profile hadsignificant association with CVD events.Conclusion: The results demonstrated elevation in plasma values of MDA, homocysteine and CRP in patientswith CRF, with or without CVD. However, these modifications may be lead to atherosclerosis and consequenceCVD event. These parameters may be important with respect to the high morbidity and mortality of CVD foundin patients with CRF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".