Observation of Singly Charged Barium Ions in a Buffer Gas: Towards a Functional Barium-Tagging System for Use in the Enriched Xenon Observatory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The observation of the rare neutrinoless-double-beta-decay will have major implications for both neutrino physics and particle physics as a whole. In particular, a positive observation will conrm the Majorana nature of the neutrino and demonstrate that lepton number is not a strictly conserved quantity. Furthermore, a measurement of the half-life of the decay will lend itself to a measurement of the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. In this work, the sensitivity to observing the neutrinoless-double-beta-decay of 136 Xe is analyzed for the EXO experiment, and the benets of the inclusion of a barium-tagging system in a future tonne-scale detector are demonstrated. In addition, the sensitivity to single barium ion identication is analyzed for two dierent methods of observation: continuous excitation and intermodulation. The intermodulation technique was determined to be the more sensitive as single barium ions were observed with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio of 4 for a one second observation time. Single ions were not observed using the continuous excitation technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".