The use of the radial styloid in the extended osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OC-RFFF) remains a useful tool in head and neck reconstruction; however, it can be challenging to harvest sufficient bone for large reconstructions. The extended OC-RFFF is a modification that involves harvest of the distal border of the radius to the tip of the styloid. This increases the length of the bone flap by 2 cm to 3 cm, and the inherent contour of the styloid can be used to reconstruct the anterior curvature of the mandible or maxilla without additional osteotomies that may reduce blood supply. Methods The key steps in harvesting the extended OC-RFFF are described. Six patients with mandibular or maxillary defects underwent reconstruction with the extended OC-RFFF. Patient data including demographics, defect features, reconstruction details and outcomes were collected. Results Of the six patients who underwent the extended OC-RFFF, four had mandibular reconstruction and two had maxillary reconstruction. Two patients underwent reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis and the remainder for malignant disease. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 64.5 years. The length of radius harvested ranged from 8 cm to 14 cm (mean 9.7 cm). Two of six patients required a single osteotomy of their bone flap. Donor site complications included partial skin graft loss in 50% and a radius fracture in two patients. Recipient site complications included one patient with intraoral plate exposure. There have been no cases of nonunion. Conclusions The extended OC-RFFF was a safe and reliable option for bony reconstruction in the head and neck.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".