With Malice toward Quite a Few: Troubled Polities in American Literary Realism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Increased scholarly attention is now being paid to the depiction of intercultural relations in American literature across all periods. The books examined in this review article contribute importantly to this body of work, paying particular, though not exclusive, attention to realist fiction of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As Henry Wonham and Mary Esteve demonstrate, we find embedded within realist literary works sometimes blatantly obvious, sometimes teasingly oblique, representations of racial minorities, women, and immigrants that are most often malicious in intent and inevitably invidious in consequence. Also investigating the depiction of intercultural relations—though focusing on affirmations of cosmopolitanism in American regional literature from 1850 to 1930—Tom Lutz tenders a more sanguine reading of the realist tradition, finding within it reverberations of a democratic sensibility that is, in his view, inalienably American and indeed the very hallmark of American literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.035 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".