Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymer is used for mobility control in most chemical EOR projects. However, it is sometimes unfavorable because of its chemical and mechanical degradations and its high cost and investment risk. Efforts have to be made to develop a more effective and less expensive substitute for chemical EOR. This paper presents a clay gum system, which consists of montmorillonite, alkaline and a small amount of polymer. As a uniformly dispersed colloidal system with high viscosity, the clay gum system can be used as an oil displacement agent for mobility control in a heterogeneous reservoir. This system behaves as a pseudo-plastic fluid and has similar rheological property to a polymer solution. In addition to its insensitivity to salinity, it also shows a remarkable tolerance to strong mechanical shear and high reservoir temperature. The average enhanced recovery rates of the linear and radial coreflood tests for the clay gum system were found to be 35% and 10%, respectively. The microscopic oil displacement tests were conducted in transparent micromodels with rather different wettability to visualize the flow and adsorption processes of clay gum in porous media. Some major mechanisms of clay gum system were identified in the microscopic visualization tests. In particular, the colloidization process of clay gum can be explained in terms of the well-known DLVO theory. Furthermore, industrial pilot tests have been conducted in Gudong oil field and Shengcai oil field in China since 1992. The detailed pilot test results show that the clay gum system can greatly enhance oil recovery and effectively reduce water-cut. The pilot tests in these two oil fields had already produced over 12, 700 tons accumulative incremental oil by the end of 1998.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".