Reliability of the Shuttle Walk Test in Healthy Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
0795 The Shuttle Walk Test (SWT) has been used extensively as a measure of exercise capacity in a variety of clinical populations with cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. No comparative data are yet available for healthy older adults. PURPOSE: To determine the test-retest reliability of the SWT in healthy older adults. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy older adults (mean ± SD; age 72.5 ± 6.7 y, height 1.68 ± .09 m, mass 69.6 ± 11.9 kg) completed three trials of the SWT within a total period of 7 to14 days. The SWT is a progressive intensity, externally paced test requiring subjects to walk back and forth (shuttle) over a 10 metre course, keeping time with tape-recorded audio signals that sound at increasingly shorter intervals every minute. Initial walk speed is 1.8 km/h, progressing to 8.53 km/h by the end of the 12 level protocol. The test is stopped when the subject a) voluntarily decides to stop, b) fails to keep up with the audio signals, or c) exceeds 85% of predicted maximal heart rate. Walking distance (metres) was recorded, heart rate was monitored every 15 seconds, and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was taken after each test. Test-retest reliability was determined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1). RESULTS: There was no significant difference among distances walked on Trial 1 (406 ± 163 m), Trial 2 (400 ± 172 m) and Trial 3 (430 ± 184 m). Test-retest reliability was excellent across all three trials (ICC2,1 = 0.92), and between Trials 1 and 2 (ICC2,1 = 0.88), Trials 1 and 3 (ICC2,1 = 0.87) and Trials 2 and 3 (ICC2,1 = 0.89). Heart rates at the end of the tests averaged 71% of predicted maximal heart rate. The mean RPE at the end of each trial was between 3 and 4 (10 point scale). CONCLUSION: The SWT is a simple, easy to administer, reliable measure of exercise capacity in healthy older adults with a stable measure being achieved on the first trial. Follow-up studies to assess validity and responsiveness are warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".