Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores the issue of dual or divided loyalties for Canadian Jews, with reference to ties to Canada on the one hand, and Israel and the Jewish community on the other. The article contextualizes this issue within two academic literatures, which in recent years have had very little interconnection. The first is the general literature dealing with diasporic studies and transnationalism. The second is the literature dealing with modern Jewish studies. This second literature comprises the social scientific study of contemporary Jewry, and intellectual debates on Zionism and Jewish peoplehood. It is claimed these debates have relevance for many Canadian diasporic groups today, and more so in the post-9/11 period. A concluding section looks at how Jewish communal leaders in Canada wrestle with a version of the "cricket" test, coined by British parliamentarian Norman Tebbit, when asked which team they would support in a soccer final match, Israel or Canada. The pattern of responses confirms an ongoing discomfort and indeed ambivalence in making such choices linking identity and loyalty, for Jews and likely for other groups as well. Cet article porte sur la problématique de la double loyauté, soit celle, divisée, des liens des Juifs canadiens avec, d'une part, le Canada et, d'autre part, Israël et la communauté juive. Nous abordons ici cette question dans le contexte de deux types d'écrits universitaires qui, dans les dernières années, ont rarement été interreliés. Le premier des deux est dans le domaine de la recherche générale qui traite des études sur la diaspora ainsi que du transnationalisme, le deuxième dans celui des publications se rapportant aux études juives modernes. Celui-ci comprend l'étude socio-scientifique de la communauté juive contemporaine ainsi que les débats intellectuels sur le sionisme et la notion de peuple juif. D'aucuns allèguent que ces derniers sont pertinents pour plusieurs groupes canadiens de la diaspora, spécialement depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Nous concluons cet article en examinant comment les représentants de la communauté juive au Canada composent avec une variante du 'Test du cricket', expression forgée par le parlementaire britannique Norman Tebbit, alors qu'on leur demandait quelle équipe ils soutiendraient dans un match de soccer final entre Israël et le Canada. L'ensemble des réponses témoigne d'un malaise continu, et, de fait, d'une certaine ambivalence lorsqu'il s'agit de faire de tels choix qui mettent en jeu à la fois l'identité et la loyauté, que ce soit pour des Juifs, ou, aussi bien, pour tout autre groupe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".