Bibliographic record
Abstract
Frequency spectrum is a limited resource for wireless communications and may become congested owing to a need to accommodate the diverse types of air interface used in next generation wireless networks. To meet these growing demands, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has expanded the use of the unlicensed spectral band. However, since traditional wireless communications systems also utilize the frequency bands allocated by the FCC in a static manner, they lack adaptability. Also, many studies show that while some frequency bands in the spectrum are heavily used, other bands are largely unoccupied most of time. These potential spectrum holes result in the under-utilization of available frequency bands. The concepts of software-defined radio and cognitive radio have been recently introduced to enhance the efficiency of frequency spectrum usage in next generation wireless and mobile computing systems. Software radio improves the capability of a wireless transceiver by using embedded software to enable it to operate in multiple frequency bands using multiple transmission protocols. Cognitive ratio, which can be implemented through software-defined radio, is able to observe, learn, optimize, and intelligently adapt to achieve optimal frequency band usage. Through dynamic spectrum access, a cognitive wireless node is able to adaptively and dynamically transmit and receive data in a changing radio environment. Therefore, techniques for channel measurement, learning, and optimization are crucial in designing dynamic spectrum access schemes for cognitive radio under different communication requirements. In fact, cognitive radio based on dynamic spectrum access has emerged as a new design paradigm for next generation wireless networks. Cognitive radio aims at maximizing the utilization of the limited radio bandwidth while accommodating the increasing number of services and applications in wireless networks.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.336 | 0.225 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".