Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental Significance of Mercury in Drilling Discharges M.E. Parker; M.E. Parker ExxonMobil Production Company Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar J.P. Smith J.P. Smith ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, March 2004. Paper Number: SPE-86697-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/86697-MS Published: March 29 2004 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Parker, M.E., and J.P. Smith. "Environmental Significance of Mercury in Drilling Discharges." Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, March 2004. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/86697-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability Search Advanced Search AbstractEnvironmental studies of offshore drilling activities, conducted over a period of more than two decades, have shown that the mercury present at trace levels in drilling fluid barite has very limited bioavailability to marine organisms. However, media reports during 2002 about the presence of mercury in fish raised the level of interest in the potential for drilling discharges to contribute to mercury levels in fisheries resources.The exploration and production industry responded to this interest by preparing a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the fate and effects of mercury in the marine environment, updating information on the quantities of barite (the main source of the low levels of mercury in drilling wastes) discharged during drilling, and collecting new data on the potential for inorganic mercury in drilling discharges to be converted to methylmercury once discharged into a marine environment. The literature review indicated that the presence of low levels of inorganic mercury in drilling discharges poses minimal environmental risk. A review of data on discharge volumes showed that modern drilling technology has reduced the amount of barite used per well by 50 – 80%. New field data showed that marine sediments close to drill sites did not have higher methylmercury concentrations than did sediments from more distant sites. This indicated that there is low potential for the conversion of inorganic mercury in drilling discharges to the more readily bioavailable organic methylmercury form. The overall results of this effort support the conclusion that the low level of inorganic mercury in drilling discharges does not contribute to organic mercury levels in fish.This paper provides a general review of mercury in the environment, its fate and effects, and identifies the most significant sources. Against this background, the relative contribution and behavior of inorganic mercury from drilling discharges is presented. Industry research efforts over the years evaluating the fate and effects of mercury in the environment are reviewed with an emphasis on studies of mercury concentrations in drill site sediments, the chemical forms of inorganic mercury in drilling fluid discharges, and recent studies of the potential for conversion of inorganic mercury in barite to the more bioavailable organic methylmercury form.IntroductionDuring 2002, media reports raised interest levels in the potential for inorganic mercury in drilling discharges to contribute to mercury levels in fisheries resources. Media reports cited measurements of elevated levels of total mercury in sediments around Gulf of Mexico offshore platforms as the basis for the concern that inorganic mercury in drilling discharges might be contributing to organic mercury levels in fish.The potential environmental impact from heavy metals, including mercury in drilling discharges, were raised and evaluated (1) early in the development of the offshore drilling industry. Studies have been conducted by agencies, academia and industry to examine discharge amounts, chemical forms and concentrations, bioavailability, bioaccumulation, fates and effects in the environment, and human health risks associated with drilling fluid discharges.To respond to concerns raised by the media, E&P operators, drilling contractors, and drilling fluid companies embarked on a joint effort to collect information to place inorganic mercury in drilling charges in an appropriate perspective. To do this, discharges were evaluated relative to other inputs of mercury to the environment, the results of previous research on the effects of mercury in drilling discharges were summarized, and critical new data concerning the fate of mercury in drilling discharges were collected. This paper summarizes the results of that effort. Keywords: society of petroleum engineers, marine organism, methylmercury concentration, drilling fluids and materials, total mercury, drilling discharge, spe 86697, mercury, discharge, upstream oil & gas Subjects: Drilling Fluids and Materials, Environment, Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) This content is only available via PDF. 2004. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".