Synergistic Cisplatin-induced cell death by ultrasound-microbubble mediated intracellular delivery in breast cancer cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrasound-microbubble (USMB) potentiated cisplatin (CDDP) therapy was assessed in human breast cancer cells. Cells, MDA-MB-231, in suspension were exposed to USMB and CDDP at varying conditions, during which microbubble cavitation activity was measured using passive cavitation detection and 48 hours post-treatment cell viability and intracellular platinum concentration were measured using MTT assay and mass cytometry, respectively. USMB synergistically enhanced cell death (~20 fold) when combined with CDDP and significantly increased intracellular CDDP concentration (~8 fold) compared to CDDP treatment alone. Cell death and intracellular CDDP concentration were correlated to microbubble cavitation activity, which increased with peak negative pressure and microbubble concentration. Combined treatment of USMB and CDDP at relatively lower integrated cavitation dose (ICD) induced a synergistic effect on cell death whereas ICD greater than 10 induced an additive effect. USMB mediated CDDP intracellular accumulation synergistically enhances cell death in CDDPresistant breast cancer cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".