Effects of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed Reinforced Concrete Columns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terrorist attacks in recent decades have led to growing concerns about the performance of buildings designed by well-established conventional design methods under blast loading. The concerns arise from the response of buildings and fatalities in popular terrorist attacks such as the Alfred P. Murrah Building explosion. It has become imperative to investigate the performance of load-bearing members to blast loading. The effect of seismic detailing of RC columns on their blast-resistance was investigated using the LS-DYNA program. The blast resistance of the seismically-detailed columns increased, especially to close-in blast loading. The effects of axial load ratios (ALRs) were investigated in the numerical study. Increasing ALRs increased the blast-resistance of the columns. However, at high ALRs, the columns suffered compressive concrete crushing leading to higher lateral displacements and instability. At higher scaled distances, increasing ALRs resulted in reduced lateral displacements; with the seismically-detailed columns offering little advantage over the conventionally-detailed columns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".