Finite-element modelling of the newborn ear canal and middle ear
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Available hearing-screening procedures cannot distinguish clearly between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss in newborns, and the results of available diagnostic tests in very young infants are difficult to interpret. Admittance measurements can help to detect conductive losses but do not provide reliable results for newborns, where the ear is anatomically different from the adult ear. Finite-element models of the newborn ear canal and middle ear were developed and their responses were studied for frequencies up to 2000 Hz. Material properties were taken from previous measurements and estimates, and the sensitivities of the models to these different parameters were examined. The simulation results were validated through comparison with previous experimental measurements. Preliminary simulations indicate that at frequencies up to 250 Hz the admittance of the canal wall is comparable to that of the middle ear in the newborn. Above 250 Hz the canal-wall admittance remains almost constant but for the middle ear there is a clearly defined resonance peak, which produces an admittance much larger than that of the canal wall. These results suggest that admittance measurements in the vicinity of the middle-ear resonance frequency can provide clinically useful information about the newborn middle ear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".