Bibliographic record
Abstract
Congenital malformations are common, occurring in around 1 in 40 pregnancies. Analysis of data from European population-based congenital anomaly registers reported a malformation rate of 29.3 per 1000 births. Eighty percent of these were in live births whereas 17% were observed in fetuses terminated after ultrasound diagnosis of fetal abnormality. The remainder were stillborn or fetal deaths in utero. Fetal autopsy is still regarded as the gold standard procedure for identification of fetal abnormalities but assessment of the fetus by a clinical geneticist or other specialist with expertise in dysmorphology may also be informative. When coupled with other investigations which are non-invasive or involve only sampling of blood or other body fluids, examination for external malformations and dysmorphic features may complement autopsy findings or provide important information as to the causation of fetal abnormalities when autopsy is not possible. This situation is now becoming more common as rates of fetal autopsy have dropped significantly in the UK in recent years.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".