The CRISPR-Cas Immune System and Genetic Transfers: Reaching an Equilibrium
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1987 Ishino et al. (1) sequenced the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion gene (iap). Downstream of iap, they observed an array of short repeats (29 nucleotides) separated by nonrepetitive short sequences (spacers) (2). The terms “CRISPR,” for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, and “Cas,” for CRISPR-associated genes, were first coined by Jansen et al. (3) in 2002 to describe the genetic structure of these loci. The increasing availability of genomic sequences in databases allowed Mojica et al. (4) to identify CRISPR as a specific family of repeats. Now we know that CRISPR-Cas systems are found in approximately 90% of archaeal and 40% of eubacterial sequenced genomes (5 – 7). In 2005, three groups independently reported similarities between spacer sequences and foreign mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages and plasmids (8 – 10). These observations led to several hypotheses including that CRISPR-Cas systems may play a role in immunity and protect archaeal and bacterial cells from invasion by foreign DNA.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it