Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis attempts to situate and reconstruct the cross-cultural encounter between Basque fishermen and Mi'kmaq in the 16th and early 17th centuries before the first permanent settlements of Europeans were established in "Canada." Basque- Mi'kmaq contact constitutes one of the earliest forms of regular contacts between Europeans and Indigenous peoples in this country. To provide a clearer picture of the nature of contact between Mi'kmaq and Basques five centuries ago, an overview of their histories and cultures prior to contact and at the time of contact, as well as evidence of contact itself, is given. This evidence is based on ethnohistorical, historical, archival, cartographical, archaeological, linguistic and oral historical sources. The author argues that given that this contact was seasonal, and that Basques were off the shores of Mikmaki to fish, not to settle or initially to trade, this contact was different to most European-Amerindian contacts. The thesis is written in the larger context of growing interest in the social sciences in cross-cultural contact as well as the re-examining and re-writing of established histories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".