Dynamics of settling-driven convection beneath a sediment laden buoyant overflow: implications for the length-scale of deposition in lakes and the coastal ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The length-scale of deposition beneath a buoyant sediment-laden river plume can be strongly influenced by enhanced settling-driven convection, and is directly related to the horizontal velocity of the plume and a sedimentation time-scale. In our experiments, a buoyant plume of fresh water and sediment spreads over a denser saline layer. The speed of the plume increases with the net density difference between the layers, while in contrast, the time-scale of the settling-driven convection is related inversely to the density anomaly due to the sediment concentration difference. These competing effects result in the length-scale of propagation increasing as L ~ sqrt(1-1/R_rho)*R_rho^(2/3), where R_rho= delta rho_S / delta rho_C is the ratio of density differences due to salt and sediment. When R_rho is close to one, settling-driven convection is vigorous and the propagation length-scale is very small. Beneath the surface plume, the descending sediment laden fluid can also form an interflow or underflow, which is able to propagate greater distances than the surface plume. The implication of these results for sediment-laden river plumes in lakes and the coastal ocean are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".