Bibliographic record
Abstract
Explores the scientific work of Simon Kuznets and his impact on economics as a discipline. Discusses the rise of academic economists before World War I; the early history of the National Bureau for Economic Research; the emergence of national income accounting as a tool of economic policy; the use of national income accounting to study comparative economic growth; the scientific methods of Kuznets; further aspects of the legacy of Kuznets; and the quarter century since the death of Kuznets. Robert William Fogel is the recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Economics, Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of American Institutions in the Booth School of Business, Director of the Center for Population Economics, and a member of the Department of Economics and the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. The late Enid M. Fogel was Associate Dean of Students in the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago. Guglielmo is Assistant Professor of Economics at Bentley University. Grotte is Associate Director of the Center for Population Economics at the University of Chicago.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".