The Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Correlates of Acute Postnatal Exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetically derived chemicals used as plasticizers in a variety of common household products.They are not chemically bound to plastic polymers and over time easily migrate out of these products and into the environment.Experimental investigations evaluating the biological impact of phthalate exposure on developing organisms are critical given that that estimates of phthalate exposure are considerably higher in infants and children compared to adults.Extensive growth and re-organization of neurocircuitry occurs during development leaving the brain highly susceptible to environmental insults.The primary goals of this dissertation were to evaluate the effects of early developmental phthalate exposure on brain structure and function, and to explore what changes in neurobiology were associated with changes in performance using behavioural measures of cognitive function.Widespread disruptions in hippocampal and dopaminergic neurocircuitry were reported in DEHP-treated male rats while only minimal changes in neurobiology were observed in DEHP-treated female rats.The cognitive effects of postnatal DEHP exposure were marginal and were only evident in female rats.The biological contributors underlying DEHP-induced changes in neurodevelopment and behaviour are not fully understood, but it is likely that the effects of DEHP are mediated by different mechanisms in male and female rats.Decreased BDNF expression may be a potential candidate for the near-selective detrimental effect of DEHP exposure on neurodevelopment in male rats.The up-regulation of hippocampal lipids may serve a neuroprotective role in DEHP-treated female rats.Comprehensive investigations which simultaneously assess the neurodevelopmental and behavioural correlates of DEHP exposure are needed and will provide an opportunity to thoroughly evaluate the toxic potential of DEHP.vi Abbreviations 2cx-MMHP: mono[2-(carboxylmethyl)hexyl] phthalate; 5cx-MEPP: mono(2-ethyl-5carboxylpentyl) phthalate; 5OH-MEHP: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate; 5oxo-MEHP: mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; AA: arachidonic acid; ADHD: attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder;
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".