Interpretation of the loading–wetting behaviour of compacted soils within the “MPK” framework. Part II: Dynamic compaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamic compaction is commonly used to construct structural fills for various geo-infrastructures. Current practice is to specify a minimum dry density and moisture content criterion to be used in the field on the basis of Proctor compaction carried out in the laboratory. However, there are still no practical methods for predicting compacted clay behaviour under expected mechanical and environmental loadings. Current theories are difficult to apply in practice due to difficulties in determining the necessary parameters. In this paper, the recently developed “void ratio – moisture ratio (volume of water / volume of solids) – net stress space” (MPK) framework is extended to cover dynamically compacted soils, with significant supporting experimental evidence. Two types of soils are used: lightly reactive kaolin and reactive Merri Creek clay. As the compaction stress was unknown for dynamic compaction, recompression of soil specimens from compacted soil was used to establish the “loading wetting state boundary surface” (LWSBS). Independent tests show that the framework can predict well the behaviour of compacted soils under loading–unloading and yielding, collapse during wetting, change of loading yield stress after wetting, and swelling pressure development during constrained wetting. The value of the approach is that the testing methods are straightforward, do not require specialized equipment, and testing times are much shorter. In addition, the uncertainty that laboratory dynamic compaction may not relate directly to field roller compaction can be addressed with the developed framework. Soil specimens obtained from field soil pads compacted by actual rollers can be used to establish the LWSBS. This information will allow prediction of the likely behaviour of field-compacted fills under expected environmental and mechanical loadings subject to one-dimensional conditions. Extension to triaxial conditions would require further experimental work and theoretical modelling.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".