257 Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and digestible energy contents in high-protein distiller's dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemical composition and, therefore, potential nutritive value of corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is constantly evolving as the ethanol industry innovates processes to improve ethanol yield. The objective of the present study was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA (Exp. 1) and DE (Exp. 2) contents in high-CP (approximately 45% DM) DDGS (HP). Two HP samples (HP-A and HP-B) were procured at 2 different time points from a local company and tested along with a commodity DDGS (CON) sample for comparison. Three semipurified cornstarch-based (approximately 20% CP, as-fed basis) diets were formulated with DDGS as the sole source of AA. A fourth N-free diet was prepared for endogenous N loss. In Exp. 1, 8 ileal cannulated barrows (23.9 kg BW) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Pigs were fed at 2.8 times maintenance energy requirements. In each period, pigs were adjusted to diets for 5 d followed by 2 d, 8 h continuous ileal digesta collection. In Exp. 2, 9 barrows (24.9 kg BW) were assigned to the 4 diets in a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design such that in each period, one of the diets was fed to an extra pig (n = 9). In each period, pigs were adjusted to diets for 7 d followed by 5 d of fecal sample collection. In the statistical analysis, diet was the fixed effect whereas period and pig were random effects. The DE content in DDGS was calculated by the difference method. The analyzed CP was 30.1, 42.3, and 43.1% DM in CON, HP-A, and HP-B samples, respectively; the corresponding values for GE were 5,067, 5,425, and 5,407 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The concentrations of fat and NDF were comparable among the DDGS samples. Except for Arg and Val, the SID values for indispensable AA were not different (P > 0.05) among the 3 DDGS samples. However, HP samples had greater (P < 0.05) SID content of indispensable protein and CP than CON samples. The SID of Lys content was 4.9, 6.1, and 7.4 g/kg DM for CON, HP-A, and HP-B, respectively, and corresponding values for Met and Thr were 4.6, 6.8, and 7.4 g/kg DM and 6.8, 9.5, and 10.1 g/kg DM, respectively. The DE content in HP samples was higher than in CON samples (P < 0.01; 3,614, 4,494, and 4,555 kcal/kg DM for CON, HP-A, and HP-B, respectively). In conclusion, HP DDGS had higher digestible AA and energy contents than CON DDGS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".