Heterothallism in the Microascaceae demonstrated by three species in the <i>Scopulariopsis brevicaulis</i> series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scopulariopsis anamorphs are known for many species of the genus Microascus (Ascomycota, Microascaceae), but teleomorph connections for anamorphic species within the ‘Scopulariopsis brevicaulis series' are tenuous or lacking. Microascus brevicaulis was recently described as the teleomorph of the type and commonest species, S. brevicaulis, but only a few isolates yielded fertile perithecia. To investigate whether paucity of sexual reproduction was the result of heterothallism, mating experiments were conducted among isolates representing the species S. brevicaulis, S. Candida, S. asperula, S. fusca and S. koningii. Results demonstrated heterothallism within three species and confirmed that two taxa could be reduced to synonymy. Three holomorph species, M. brevicaulis, M. manginii, and M. niger, are recognized to include anamorphs S. brevicaulis (synonym S. koningii), S. Candida, and S. asperula (synonyms S. arnoldii, S. bestae, S. fusca, and S. roseola), respectively. Microascus niger is redescribed and a neotype proposed. The three species are most readily recognized by colony color (sandy tan to avellaneous in M. brevicaulis, white to cream in M. manginii, and medium to dark fuscous brown in M. niger). These colonial distinctions correlate generally with conidia that are coarsely roughened, smooth, or finely roughened, respectively. However, conidium ornamentation, previously considered a reliable taxonomic character, is shown to be variable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".