Mineralogical Study of Pingel-Bauchi Malachite Ore
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Occurrences of over 44 economic minerals has been reported in Nigeria including copper ores found in Bauchi and Zamfara states.Now that the Nigeria petroleum industry which is the mainstay of her economy is experiencing downturn due to the global instability in oil price, it hence become imperative to diversify the economic to solid minerals particularly in the area of value addition.This research work aims at characterizing the Pingel-Bauchi malachite ore in order to determine the mineralogical assemblage, the chemical composition and the micrograph of the minerals.For this purpose, elemental analysis, chemical analysis, ore microscopy, x-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy were carried out on the Pingel-Bauchi malachite ore.The result of the optical and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the Pingel-Bauchi malachite ore occur in a coarse grain locked in a porphyritic fine grain alumina and silica.It was observed that Pingel-Bauchi malachite ore contain 19.8wt% Cu which is above 0 -2.9wt%Cu which is adjudged to be the minimum copper content for economic extraction of copper ores.It was also observed that the ore contains 3.64wt% iron.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".