The Function of Displays of Male Rufous Hummingbirds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We observed 26 male Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) on their breeding territories to quantify display behaviors and to interpret their functions. Territory holders responded to intruding conspecific males with aggressive chases until the intruder left the territory. Female intruders received dive displays and shuttle-flights, which we interpret as courtship behavior. Dive displays were J-shaped (concave upward) in both ascent and descent, contrary to other reports of oval-shaped displays. We present a representative sonogram of the sounds produced during these dive displays. Función de los Despliegues de los Selasphorus rufus Machos Resumen. Observamos 26 Selasphorus rufus machos en sus territorios de reproducción para cuantificar sus comportamientos de despliegue e interpretar las funciones de éstos. Los dueños de los territorios respondieron a intrusiones de machos coespecíficos con persecuciones agresivas hasta que los intrusos abandonaron el territorio. Por su parte, las hembras intrusas recibieron despliegues en picada y patrones de vuelo repetidos, los cuales interpretamos como comportamientos de cortejo. Los despliegues en picada tuvieron forma de J (cóncava hacia arriba) tanto en ascenso como en descenso a diferencia de reportes previos sobre despliegues en forma de óvalo. Adicionalmente presentamos un sonograma representativo de los sonidos producidos durante los despliegues en picada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".