Bibliographic record
Abstract
Books reviewed in this article: Teofilo F. Ruiz, Spanish Society, 1400–1600 Eszter Andor and István György Tóth (eds), Frontiers of Faith. Religious Exchange and the Constitution of Religious Identities 1400–1750 Gigliola Fragnito (ed.), Church, Censorship and Culture in Early Modern Italy Joanne M. Ferraro, Marriage Wars in Late Renaissance Venice Kenneth Carleton, Bishops and Reform in the English Church, 1520–1559 Eamon Duffy, The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village P. G. Maxwell–Stuart, Satan’s Conspiracy, Magic and Witchcraft in 16th Century Scotland John W. Weatherford, Crime and Punishment in the England of Shakespeare and Milton, 1570–1640 Paula Sutter Fichtner, Emperor Maximilian II Joseph Bergin (ed.), The Seventeenth Century Anthony F. Upton, Europe 1600–1789 Stevie Davies, A Century of Troubles. England 1600–1700 Graham Darby (ed.), The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt Daniel M. Swetschinski, Reluctant Cosmopolitans. The Portuguese Jews of Seventeenth–Century Amsterdam Larry Wolff, Venice and the Slavs. The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of the Enlightenment David Allan, Scotland in the Eighteenth Century: Union and Enlightenment Steven King and Geoffrey Timmins, Making Sense of the Industrial Revolution. English Economy and Society 1700–1850 T. C. W. Blanning, The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture. Old Regime Europe 1660–1789 David A. Bell, The Cult of the Nation in France. Inventing Nationalism, 1680–1800
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.439 | 0.291 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".