TASMANIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent, modifiable determinant of poor musculoskeletal health. Public health interventions have aimed to improve population 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). However, there is minimal longitudinal data assessing the efficacy of these interventions and none that focuses on older adults as those most at risk or evaluates the skeletal health outcomes of achieving or maintaining vitamin D sufficiency. The aims of this analysis were therefore to (1) describe the longitudinal change in 25(OH)D concentration in a population of exclusively older adults, (2) investigate the modifiable factors associated with longitudinal change in 25(OH)D concentration and (3) examine the association between achieving or maintaining vitamin D sufficiency with longitudinal change in BMD. Community-dwelling adults aged 50-80 years had 25(OH)D assessed by radioimmunoassay and BMD by dual energy absorptiometry at baseline (n=1096), 2.5 (n=870) and 10 (n=565) years in a Tasmanian population-based prospective cohort study. Sun exposure was quantified by questionnaire and supplement use at clinic review. 25(OH)D <50nmol/L was considered deficient. Participants were provided with their 25(OH)D results. Over 10 years 25(OH)D increased (52.2 ± 17.0 to 63.5 ± 23.6 nmol/L, p<0.001). Participants with baseline deficiency had larger 25(OH)D increases than baseline sufficient participants (19.2 ± 25.3 vs 1.6 ± 23.3 nmol/L, p<0.001). Longitudinal change in 25(OH)D was associated with baseline summer (β=1.46, p<0.001) and winter (β=1.29, p=0.003) sun exposure, change in summer (β=1.27, p=0.002) and winter (β=1.47, p<0.001) sun exposure and vitamin D supplement use (β=24.8 – 34.5, p<0.001). Persistent vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss at the femoral neck (β=0.020, p=0.027), lumbar spine (β=0.033, p=0.003) and total hip (β=0.023, p=0.021) compared to persistent vitamin D deficiency. Achieving vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss at the lumbar spine (β=0.045, p<0.001) compared to persistent vitamin D deficiency. Population 25(OH)D concentration increased due to a combination of increased sun exposure and supplement use. Maintaining or achieving vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss over 10 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.142 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".