Abstracts Canadian Connective Tissue Meeting London, Ontario, Canada, June 8‐10, 2014
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field of interest: Connective tissue remodelling An estimated 25 % of fractures in young Canadians fail to heal adequately as a consequence of infection or other underlying factors. The incidence of mal-union and failed joint replacements in the elderly is even higher, as a result of inadequate endogenous healing mechanisms. There is a pressing need for innovative approaches to promote bone repair in cases where healing is predicted to be compromised. This will reduce the number of failed procedures and significantly reduce the economic burden associated with musculoskeletal disease in Canada. Although the primary role ascribed to mast cells is that of protagonist in allergic reactions, there is growing evidence that they also play pivotal roles in normal physiology. A number of early studies noted accumulation of mast cells in and around fracture callus. We tested the hypothesis that mast cells are involved in all phases of fracture repair. We tested the hypothesis that mast cells are involved in fracture repair by comparing bone repair in uni-cortical femoral window defects in mast cell deficient C57BL/6-KitW-sh/Wshmice and their wild type littermates. Cohorts of mice were euthanized at timed intervals (2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks) after surgery and bone healing was quantified using micro CT and histological analyses. Bone mineral content was analyzed with von Kossa stain, and alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase was used to assess osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity respectively. Acidic toluidine blue staining identified mast cells with a high degree of specificity and safranin O and alizarin red stain was used to assess their stage of maturity. Bone regeneration in the mast cell deficient mice is significantly delayed and associated with an abnormal spatial distribution of the new bone, which led to non-unions in half of the cases. Less bone was found at the level of the cortex and more bone inside the medullary cavity. The quality of the regenerating cortical bone was lower in the mast cell deficient mice, as indicated by higher porosity, less osteocytes, lower connectivity and impaired trabecular characteristics. The histological analyses confirmed the poor quality bone shown by micro CT and suggested it may be due to uncoupling of osteoblast from osteoclast activity. The changing maturity, number and distribution of mast cells throughout the process of healing indicate that the role of mast cells depends on the stage of bone regeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".