Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book began as an article in Comparative Studies in Society and History (Niezen 2000a) with the title "Recognizing Indigenism: Canadian Unity and the International Movement of Indigenous Peoples."Much of the material from this article is reproduced here in various places (which I indicate in footnotes and for which I gratefully acknowledge the permission of CSSH ), but the opportunity to expand it into a book has allowed me to put more historical emphasis on the global nature of the indigenous peoples' movement and to pay greater attention to such issues as cultural relativism, collective versus individual rights, and the legal/political implications of indigenous peoples' claims of self-determination.I have also more fully developed an approach to indigenous identity that emphasizes its recent origin and the creative uses to which it has been put.The study of indigenous identity is, in a sense, an ideal way to approach the formation of new categories of thought, social formation, and the human sense of self-ideal because the term itself is relatively new, actively used for only the past few decades, yet it invokes people's sense of permaxi
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.525 | 0.271 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".