ABSORPTION OF ALKALIZED INTRAVESICAL LIDOCAINE IN NORMAL AND INFLAMED BLADDERS:
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that intravesical lidocaine is not sufficiently absorbed by human bladders to achieve significant serum levels and it only provides a superficial local anesthetic effect. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of alkalized intravesical lidocaine in healthy volunteers and patients with interstitial cystitis to determine a safe dose of buffered lidocaine, the effect of interstitial cystitis on lidocaine uptake and the acute local anesthetic effect on bladder pain in interstitial cystitis.An initial dose finding study was done in 12 healthy volunteers using 4, 5 and 6 mg./kg. 5% lidocaine buffered with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate. Serial lidocaine levels were measured for 3 hours. Serum measurement was repeated in 12 patients with interstitial cystitis using 5 mg/kg. 5% lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate daily for 2 days. Patients rated pain before and during treatment.Healthy volunteers and patients with interstitial cystitis had similar lidocaine absorption profiles with a peak of 1.06 microg/ml. (range 0.66 to 1.71) and 1.3 (range 0.2 to 2.0) at about 30 minutes. Mean pain score in the interstitial cystitis group decreased from a baseline of 6.0 to 1.8 on day 1 and 0.6 on day 2. There were complaints of urethral discomfort after voiding the buffered lidocaine in each group.Alkalization provides safe and predictable lidocaine absorption into the bladder, as indicated by therapeutic systemic levels in healthy and inflamed bladders. Furthermore, the decrease in acute pain scores in the interstitial cystitis group indicated a concentration of local anesthetic within the bladder wall that was sufficient to block the sensory neurons within the submucosal plexus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".