Vertical distribution, nitrogen content, and natural 15n and 13c abundance of epiphytic macrolichen functional groups and soil in sub-boreal spruce forests of central British Columbia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forest canopy research in old growth sub-boreal spruce (SBS) forests of British Columbia's (BC) central interior plateau forests has revealed rich epiphytic lichen communities that represent a critical interface between the atmosphere and the soil. Cyanolichens can contribute nitrogen (N) to forests by fixing atmospheric N₂ gas into available, reduced forms such as ammonium (NH₄⁺). Variations in the ratios of the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of N (i.e. ¹⁴N:¹⁵N) in forest ecosystem components represent an important in situ method to estimate N inputs from biological N₂-fixation. I used this method to evaluate the importance of epiphytic cyanolichens to N inputs in sub-boreal forest ecosystems of central interior BC. Four old growth sub-boreal forest sites were chosen based on cyanolichen abundance and diversity – two High Cyano sites and two Low Cyano sites. Interior hybrid spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) trees were randomly selected at the High and Low Cyano sites and access into canopies achieved through a single-rope technique. Vertical distributions of lichen biomasses were quantified and a vertical niche of foliose chlorolichens was observed in the canopy where cyanolichens were deficient. Lichen functional groups, conifer needle, and soil samples were obtained and their ¹⁵N:¹⁴N, %N, ¹³C:¹²C, %C contents measured using a continuous flow gas isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Comparisons of stable isotope ratios between High and Low Cyano sites were made. Sub-boreal forest epiphytes and foliage had isotopically lighter N (i.e. more ¹⁴N) at sites with high cyanolichen abundance, indicative of greater inputs of biologically fixed-N.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".