Objects of Private Property in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and in the Civil Code of Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Property norms, in expressing a relationship among people through resources, must address in some manner the organization of property rights and the classification of objects of property. Both the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Civil Code of Quebec express some notion of the idea of what the author has called property-as-object, taking the form of certain distinctions: movable/immovable, corporeal/incorporeal, capital/revenue, or in commerce/out of commerce.The Russian code contains a rich discussion of the objects of property, with a larger, more explicit formal role for objects in the understanding of property rights as compared to the Quebec code. The articles on objects in general manifest the traditional civilist distinctions, while set in the context of present Russian society.Moreover, notwithstanding some initial lack of clarity in the Russian code's classifi cation between the objects of property and the subject-matter of other patrimonial rights, the objects of property are clearly distinguishable as a category and are important to understanding property relations. Despite the focus in the Russian code on "things" as the objects of property as opposed to "rights in things", it is nevertheless the case that the latter are an important part of the property relationship, and cannot be disentangled from "things".
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".