Stem rusts on wheat, barley, and oat in Canada in 1999<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stems of wheat, barley, and oat infected with stem rust were collected throughout Canada in 1999 to determine the virulence spectrum of Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. and Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae Eriks. & E. Henn. To distinguish seven different pathotypes, 99 isolates of P. graminis tritici obtained from wheat were inoculated onto differential sets of wheat lines with single genes for stem rust resistance. The predominant pathotypes were RCRSK (60.3%), QCCJN (15.4%), and QFCSR (11.5%). The spring wheat cultivars currently grown in Canada are resistant to these pathotypes. Among 178 isolates of P. graminis tritici recovered from barley, eight pathotypes were identified, with QCCJN (53.4%), RCRSK (18.5%), and QCCJL (14.0%) predominating. Pathotypes QCCJL and QCCJN represented 67.4% of the isolates from barley. Since these pathotypes are highly virulent on the barley cultivars currently grown in Canada, there continues to be a threat to barley production due to stem rust. Ten pathotypes were identified among 269 P. graminis avenae isolates from wild and cultivated oat. The predominant pathotypes, NA29 at 45.3% and NA67 at 26.4% from wild oat, and NA67 at 31.8% and NA29 at 30.9% from cultivated oat, were relatively similar in occurrence. Pathotype NA67, discovered for the first time in western Canada in 1998, is virulent on Pg2, Pg9, and Pg13, which, in various combinations, conditioned resistance to stem rust in most oat cultivars prior to 1998. The incidence of pathotype NA67 in cultivated oat from Manitoba and Saskatchewan increased from 21.7% in 1998 to 34.7% in 1999. A new pathotype, NA76, was identified, which was also virulent on the combination of Pg2, Pg9, and Pg13 but, unlike NA67, was avirulent to Pg15.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".