The Effect of Fatigue on Asymmetry Between Lower Limbs in Functional Performances in Elite Child Taekwondo Athletes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Inter-limb asymmetry above a certain threshold in functional performance indicates increased injury risk in sports. Fatigue has been found to increase bilateral asymmetry in lower-limb jumping performance among high-school and adult athletes, whereas this impact has not been examined for child athletes. Methods: Performance of single-leg jumps, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and muscle (hamstring and gastrocnemius) flexibility were measured for 13 elite male child Taekwondo athletes (aged 9.85 ± 0.80 years) at both the rested and fatigued states to examine the inter-limb asymmetry. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to examine for difference for each test and the interaction between limb (dominant, non-dominant leg) and state (rested, fatigued state). Paired t test or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to compare the asymmetry magnitude at the rested vs. fatigued state for each test, and the variation in performance post fatigue in the dominant vs. non-dominant leg when appropriate. Results: The inter-limb asymmetry in triple-hop distance significantly ( p = 0.046) increased with fatigue, whereas the asymmetry significantly ( p = 0.004) decreased with fatigue in anterior (ANT) reach distance in SEBT. A significant ( p = 0.027) limb by state interaction was shown for posterolateral (PL) reach distance in SEBT, wherein a significant ( p = 0.005) bilateral difference was only shown at the rested state. The PL reach distance showed a significantly greater decrease ( p = 0.028) post fatigue when using the dominant leg for support compared to using the non-dominant leg. Conclusion: Fatigue significantly impacts inter-limb asymmetry in jump performances and dynamic balance for child athletes, while the variation in inter-limb asymmetry post fatigue may be different across tests. For the purpose of injury prevention, practitioners should consider assessing the inter-limb asymmetry for children at both the rested and fatigued state, and be mindful of the fatigue response of each leg in functional tests.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it