Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: To compare serum uric acid levels in different stages of diabeticnephropathy. Study Design: Descriptive analytical study. Setting: University of Health ScienceLahore. Period: February 2010 to January 2011. Subjects and methods: A sample size of195 diabetic subjects. They were divided among normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric andmacroalbuminuric groups, according to their daily urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), with65 patients in each group. Their glomerular filtration rate (GFR), daily AER and serum uricacid was evaluated by conducting tests on serum and urine samples. Statistics: Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to observe differences of medians in differentgroups. P value less than 0.05 was taken statistically significant. Results: There was majority ofmales in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric groups while females were more in numberin normoalbuminuric group. Significant differences were found in serum urea concentration,serum creatinine concentration, serum uric acid concentration, glomerular filtration rate, urinarycreatinine concentration, urine flow rate, daily albumin excretion rate and urinary albuminconcentration among the three groups. Urinary creatinine concentration and glomerularfiltration rate were in the highest ranges in normoalbuminuric group and in the lowest rangesin macroalbuminuric group. While rest of the parameters (ie. age, duration of diabetes, serumurea concentration, serum creatinine concentration, urine flow rate, daily AER , urinary albuminconcentration and serum uric acid concentration) were in the lowest ranges in normoalbuminuricgroup and in the highest ranges in macroalbuminuric group. There was significant increaseserum uric acid levels in advancing stages of diabetic nephropathy. p <0.05 was takenstatistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that serum uric acid increases with theadvancing stages of diabetic nephropathy. Progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate andgradual rise in serum creatinine level occurs throughout the course of diabetic nephropathy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".