Avian hatching patterns in response to low-quality breeding environments and ecological stochasticity: Adaptation or constraint?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hatching patterns may be adaptations to optimize reproductive success in suboptimal breeding conditions, although the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Artificial eggs were used to control the onset of incubation to produce asynchronous or synchronous broods of mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) breeding on food-limited reclaimed mine lands, which were compared to populations breeding in undisturbed habitat. Treatment was successful, but had negligible effects on nestling phenotype, suggesting environmental constraints may be responsible for hatching patterns in this species. Larger prey items and higher male condition also resulted in lower feeding rates for synchronous broods specifically. Broods of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) that hatched synchronously experienced faster growth when they had higher parasite loads, but were lighter near fledging, providing support for the ‘tasty chick’ hypothesis. Overall, my results suggest that hatching patterns may be indicative of environmental challenges during breeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".