Bibliographic record
Abstract
Letters7 October 2003Echinacea for the Common ColdPaul Mittman, ND, Debra Wollner, PhD, and Linda Kim, NDPaul Mittman, NDFrom Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences; Tempe, AZ 85282; and Southwest College Research Institute; Tempe, AZ 85282.Search for more papers by this author, Debra Wollner, PhDFrom Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences; Tempe, AZ 85282; and Southwest College Research Institute; Tempe, AZ 85282.Search for more papers by this author, and Linda Kim, NDFrom Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences; Tempe, AZ 85282; and Southwest College Research Institute; Tempe, AZ 85282.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-7-200310070-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Barrett and colleagues did not perform a placebo-controlled trial (1). The study used alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for the placebo; however, alfalfa has known biological activity. In 1990, we published a randomized, controlled trial showing the efficacy of Urtica dioica compared with placebo lactose in treating symptoms of allergic rhinitis (2). During this study, we also observed that alfalfa is as effective as U. dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (Unpublished data).Alfalfa contains bioactive phytochemicals, including 15% to 22% crude protein, minerals (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, sulfur, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, boron, molybdenum), vitamins (A, ...References1. Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, Maberry R, Bobula JA, D'Alessio D. Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:939-46. [PMID: 12484708] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Mittman P. Randomized, double-blind study of freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Planta Med. 1990;56:44-7. [PMID: 2192379] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Boon H Alfalfa. 2000 Herbs: Everyday Reference for Health Professionals. Canadian Pharmacists Association and Canadian Medical Association Ontario, Canada. Google Scholar4. Hanson AA, Barnes DK, Hill RR. 1988 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Improvement. Monograph 29. American Soc of Agronomy Madison, WI. Google Scholar5. Alcocer-Varela J, Iglesias A, Llorente L, Alarcon-Segovia D. Effects of L-canavanine on T cells may explain the induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by alfalfa. Arthritis Rheum. 1985;28:52-7. [PMID: 3155617] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul Mittman, ND; Debra Wollner, PhD; Linda Kim, NDAffiliations: From Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences; Tempe, AZ 85282; and Southwest College Research Institute; Tempe, AZ 85282. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTreatment of the Common Cold with Unrefined Echinacea Bruce P. Barrett , Roger L. Brown , Kristin Locken , Rob Maberry , James A. Bobula , and Donn D'Alessio Echinacea for the Common Cold Paul J. Millea Echinacea for the Common Cold Bruce Barrett Echinacea for the Common Cold Ethan B. Russo Echinacea for the Common Cold Seth G. Abrahams Echinacea for the Common Cold Wendy L. Applequist Echinacea for the Common Cold Steve Shober Metrics Cited byAn Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Echinacea ( E. angustifolia DC, E. pallida, E. purpurea ) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration 7 October 2003Volume 139, Issue 7Page: 600-601KeywordsAllergic rhinitisCommon coldFolic acidNutritionPhosphorusPotassiumProteinsRespiratory systemSodiumVitamin A ePublished: 7 October 2003 Issue Published: 7 October 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.094 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".