Bibliographic record
Abstract
‘This book proposes to mark the end of American history as we have known it.’ 1 This is the daring assumption Thomas Bender uses as the opening sentence of his Nations among Nations . Bender’s book is about the making and unmaking of interconnections and interdependencies between America and the rest of the world on the one hand, and on the other it pinpoints the presence of the foreign within domestic American history, and the projection of domestic America into the world out there. As such, Bender does work on two of the three fronts we have mentioned as the ‘big issues’ to be handled by historians who adopt a transnational perspective. He is adamant that adopting this perspective will make a huge difference to the way American history is written and imagined. British historian Patricia Clavin upholds similar standards in a recent article where she examines the potential of global, transnational and international history to reshape European history. Clavin writes: ‘Unearthing connections and networks — however defined — within and across Europe’s borders, determining where they break or peter out, will recast our understanding not just of European history, but our understanding of the modern world.’ 2
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.236 | 0.099 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".